Germana Carillo The red dye no. 3 has already been the subject of several studies and targeted analyses. Today the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the American drug agency, declared that it will ban its use
Red Dye No. 3 is a synthetic food dye derived from petroleum; it is also known as Erythrosine E127 in Europe. It has been one of the primary red dyes that impart a cherry-red color to foods and drinks, mainly candies, cakes, cupcakes, cookies, frozen desserts, and icings, including some oral medications.
According to the Environmental Working Group, the additive has been found in close to 3,000 food products ranging from candies through canned fruits, beverages, and even vegetarian bacon substitutes.
A history of health concerns
Red Dye No. 3 has been the object of controversy these past years. In fact, it was already prohibited in the U.S. back in 1990 for cosmetic and topical medicinal uses due to the possible risk of causing cancer and allergic reactions. It was only recently that California became the first state to ban the product in 2023 as an ingredient to be used in food.
Why is Red Dye No. 3 dangerous?
Erythrosine is an iodine-containing coal tar dye, with known side effects related to thyroid dysfunction and even cancer. Researchers have said that the consumption of this additive could lead to many health complications such as:
- Hyperthyroidism or overactive thyroid
- Increased sensitivity to light
- Asthma
- Urticaria (hives)
- Insomnia
- Allergic reactions
These potential dangers led some countries to ban the product, while it is still considered acceptable by the European Union for use as a food additive.
FDA decision
The FDA has now officially announced its intention to ban the use of Red Dye No. 3 in food and oral medications due to its cancer risk. Food companies have until January 15, 2027, to reformulate their products; pharmaceutical companies have until January 18, 2028. Imported foods will also be required to meet U.S. regulations.
The move is a significant step toward removing potentially harmful additives from the American food supply.
