Ilaria Rosella Pagliaro The U-curve theory demonstrates that happiness follows a predictable trend: it declines in middle age, but rises again after age 55. Here are the factors that influence well-being
Subjective well-being, according to the U-curve theory, follows a uniform pattern throughout life: high in early adulthood, declining in middle age, and rising after 50-55 years of age. The theory, observed in different cultures, suggests that happiness experiences a sort of re-birth in later life after a period of crisis and self-reflection. Studies conducted by institutions such as the Brookings Institution confirm this trend with deviations depending on social and economic considerations.
The midlife crisis: a struggling but temporary phase
At the age of 40 to 50, the majority of people go through a period of declining life satisfaction. This period, often referred to as the “midlife crisis,” is marked by deep reflection on personal choices, unfulfilled dreams, and professional and personal life stress. But once this period is passed, well-being once more begins to increase, leading to greater peace of mind in old age.
Researcher Alan Piper from the University of Leeds has studied this phenomenon extensively, pointing out that the majority of individuals over the age of 55 reach levels of happiness comparable to their younger years. Piper credits this increase in well-being to the ability to break free from social pressures and conditioning during childhood and adulthood. Furthermore, facing the midlife crisis consciously allows individuals to develop greater psychological resilience, through which they find it simpler to return to a more peaceful and fulfilling life.
The factors behind the restoration of happiness
Restoration of happiness after middle age depends on the following factors:
- Life experience: As individuals get older, they develop more potent coping mechanisms and a more well-balanced mindset towards issues.
- Adjusted expectations: Individuals learn to focus on what truly matters, reducing pressures and stress.
- Social relationships: Strong emotional and social bonds are a significant element for emotional health.
Although the U-curve theory has been discovered in the majority of countries, there exist cultural and personal differences. In some societies, the return to happiness is faster than in others, based on economic conditions, social situations, and available family support.
This theory is an optimistic interpretation of the health of human beings, demonstrating that while middle age has its own issues, one can be happy and satisfied at an advanced age. This knowledge helps one to survive various phases of life better, and assistative measures for quality of life in general.
Source: Alan Piper
