Giorgia Burzachechi Graphene, discovered in 2004, is a revolutionary material made up of a single layer of carbon atoms with extraordinary properties such as high electrical conductivity, lightness and resistance. It offers promising applications in energy production, batteries, hydrogen cells and sustainable transportation.
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Two researchers at the University of Manchester, Andre and Kostya, tried their hand at what they called “Friday night experiments,” sessions in which they’d explore scientific ideas beyond those with which they normally filled their days.
One Friday, the two scientists peeled flakes from a block of graphite using adhesive tape. They realized some flakes were thinner as compared to the rest. The scientists repeatedly separated the fragments of graphite and were able to separate flakes that were only one atom thick. This experiment resulted in graphene being isolated for the first time ever.
The researchers, Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov, would go on to win the Nobel Prize in Physics six years later for the discovery.
Graphene is a material made up of one layer of carbon atoms. The atoms are arranged in two-dimensional honeycomb structures.
Properties and applications of graphene
High-efficiency solar cells
Graphene could improve the performance of photovoltaic cells thanks to its exceptionally high electrical conductivity and transparency. Besides, in combination with other materials, it allows for making lighter, flexible, and resistant solar panels.
Batteries and supercapacitors
Graphene-based batteries promise better energy density, faster charging, and longer lifetime than conventional lithium batteries. Graphene supercapacitors have the potential for almost instantaneous charge/discharge and would therefore be ideal for electric vehicles and mobile devices.
Hydrogen technologies
Graphene enables the extraction of hydrogen either from water or directly from air, because it is selectively permeable to protons. Besides, it will make hydrogen fuel cells more efficient, one of the most important technologies for clean mobility and energy.
Coatings for wind turbine blades
Graphene-based coatings enhance the durability and reduce wear in wind turbine blades, enhancing efficiency while reducing maintenance costs.
Energy storage systems
Graphene is lightweight and highly conductive, hence could also improve energy storage systems used in storing energy generated by wind and solar power.
Efficiency in transport
Use of graphene in composite materials in electric vehicles and aircraft would reduce the overall weight of the crafts and thus reduce energy consumption to help increase range.
disadvantages of graphene
Despite its remarkable properties, large-scale, cost-effective graphene production remains a challenge. Researchers are focusing on innovative techniques to optimize its synthesis and processing, paving the way for widespread adoption.
Conclusion
Graphene is not just a revolutionary material; it is also a catalyst for the future of clean and sustainable energy. Its implementation could accelerate the transition to a greener energy economy, with significant impacts on society and the environment.
